{"id":1143,"date":"2011-10-07T09:16:54","date_gmt":"2011-10-07T09:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=1143"},"modified":"2015-11-19T16:44:01","modified_gmt":"2015-11-19T16:44:01","slug":"ny-stjornarskra-forsetinn-um-forsetann","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=1143","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fd stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1:  Forsetinn um forsetann"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>[Birtist upphaflega \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 7. okt\u00f3ber 2011]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Forseti \u00cdslands, \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson, ger\u00f0i frumvarp stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s a\u00f0 n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 a\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni \u00ed \u00feingsetningarr\u00e6\u00f0u sinni. \u00dea\u00f0 er vel og fengur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 forseti l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins vekji \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og \u00feing til umhugsunar um \u00feetta st\u00f3rm\u00e1l, n\u00fdja stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 handa landi og l\u00fd\u00f0. \u00d3lafur Ragnar ger\u00f0i einkum emb\u00e6tti forseta \u00cdslands a\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni. Um \u00fea\u00f0 fjallar \u00feessi pistill.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00der\u00edskipting valdins<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allt fr\u00e1 d\u00f6gum Montesquieus hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 lei\u00f0arlj\u00f3s vi\u00f0 m\u00f3tun allrar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rnskipunar a\u00f0 r\u00edkisvaldi\u00f0 skuli skiptast \u00ed \u00ferj\u00e1 a\u00f0greinda \u00fe\u00e6tti: L\u00f6ggjafarvald, framkv\u00e6mdarvald og d\u00f3msvald. M\u00f6rgum hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt sem hj\u00e1 okkur v\u00e6ri \u00feessi a\u00f0skilna\u00f0ur ekki sk\u00fdr, a\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00feingi\u00f0 \u00ed vasanum og jafnvel d\u00f3marana l\u00edka \u00fear sem \u00feeir voru til skamms t\u00edma skipa\u00f0ir af d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra a\u00f0 eigin hentisemi. S\u00ed\u00f0ast en ekki s\u00edst hefur hlutverk og sta\u00f0a forsetans sem einhvers konar tengill l\u00f6ggjafarvalds og framkv\u00e6mdarvalds veri\u00f0 \u00f3sk\u00fdr. Hef\u00f0um samkv\u00e6mt hefur \u00fe\u00f3 forsetinn haldi\u00f0 sig til hl\u00e9s, \u00fe\u00f3tt n\u00faverandi forseti hafi haft sig meira \u00ed frammi en fyrirrennarar hans og beinl\u00ednis gripi\u00f0 \u00ed taumana.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0 margra mati er ekki n\u00f3g a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00edskipta valdinu heldur \u00feurfi eftirlitsvald a\u00f0 auki. \u00dear getur forsetinn haft hlutverki a\u00f0 gegna og endurspeglast \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 nokkru \u00ed till\u00f6gum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s, \u00feeim sem ur\u00f0u \u00d3lafi Ragnari umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvert yr\u00f0i vald forsetans?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Meginatri\u00f0in \u00ed till\u00f6gum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s um hlutverk forseta eru fj\u00f6gur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Tillaga um fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra<\/span>: \u00cd upphafi r\u00e1\u00f0ger\u00f0rar stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rgreinar um stj\u00f3rnarmyndun segir a\u00f0 \u201eAl\u00feingi k\u00fds fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra.\u201c Me\u00f0 \u00feessu er tekinn af vafi um \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0, \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 hverjum t\u00edma a\u00f0 hafa stu\u00f0ning Al\u00feingis. Forseti \u00cdslands er fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera till\u00f6gu um fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herraefni. Honum ber fyrst a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0f\u00e6ra sig vi\u00f0 \u00feingheim enda ver\u00f0ur hinn tilnefndi a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta stu\u00f0nings \u00feingsins. Forseti getur ekki skipa\u00f0 utan\u00feingsstj\u00f3rn a\u00f0 eigin frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i eins og n\u00fa. Forsetinn f\u00e6r tv\u00edvegis t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 leggja till\u00f6gu um fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herraefni fyrir \u00feingi\u00f0. Vilji \u00feingi\u00f0 hvorugan \u00feeirra sem hann tilnefnir er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f6ndum \u00feingsins a\u00f0 velja.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">M\u00e1lskotsr\u00e9ttur<\/span>: Forsetinn getur, allt eins og n\u00fa, skoti\u00f0 n\u00fdsam\u00feykktum l\u00f6gum fr\u00e1 Al\u00feingi til \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar til sam\u00feykktar e\u00f0a synjunar. En \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in f\u00e6r l\u00edka beina lei\u00f0 til \u00feess sama eins og raki\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed tveimur s\u00ed\u00f0ustu pistlum. M\u00e1lskotsr\u00e9ttur forseta er \u00fev\u00ed einungis hugsa\u00f0ur sem ney\u00f0arhemill, enda ver\u00f0ur forseti a\u00f0 r\u00f6ksty\u00f0ja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un s\u00edna og getur hann \u00fe\u00e1 vart v\u00edsa\u00f0 til vilja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. H\u00fan tj\u00e1ir \u00feann vilja sj\u00e1lf. Sl\u00edkur \u00f6ryggisventill \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0ingja t\u00ed\u00f0kast v\u00ed\u00f0a og er hugsa\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va gerr\u00e6\u00f0i meirihluta \u00feings.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A\u00f0ild a\u00f0 skipun d\u00f3mara og r\u00edkissaks\u00f3knara<\/span>: Hver og hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 skipa d\u00f3mara er vandaverk. N\u00fdlega hafa veri\u00f0 sam\u00feykkt l\u00f6g sem b\u00e6ta fyrirkomulagi\u00f0 mj\u00f6g. Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0 leggur til a\u00f0 andi \u00feeirra laga ver\u00f0i festur \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 en hnykkt \u00e1. Lykilatri\u00f0i er a\u00f0 h\u00e6fni og m\u00e1lefnaleg sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a vi\u00f0 skipun \u00ed \u00f6ll emb\u00e6tti. \u00cd samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 g\u00e6sluhlutverk forsetans f\u00e6r hann heimild til a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta vali r\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00e1 d\u00f3maraefni til Al\u00feingis, \u00fear sem \u00feri\u00f0jungur atkv\u00e6\u00f0a n\u00e6gir til a\u00f0 hafna d\u00f3maraefni r\u00e1\u00f0herra. Fari svo \u00fearf r\u00e1\u00f0herra a\u00f0 koma me\u00f0 n\u00fdja till\u00f6gu.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A\u00f0ild a\u00f0 skipun \u00e6\u00f0stu emb\u00e6tta<\/span>: Forseti kemur vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu um skipan \u00feeirra \u00e6\u00f0stu emb\u00e6ttismanna sem Al\u00feingi kann a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um. H\u00e9r er hlutverk forseta minna. Honum er einugis \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 skipa formann h\u00e6fnisnefndar, en a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti hefur hann ekki a\u00f0komu a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu. Hann v\u00e6ri t.d. a\u00f0 fara \u00fat fyrir valdsvi\u00f0 sitt ef hann seg\u00f0i nefndarformanninum fyrir verkum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Aukin v\u00f6ld?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d3lafur Ragnar telur a\u00f0 me\u00f0 till\u00f6gum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s s\u00e9u umsvif forsetemb\u00e6ttisins efld og \u00e1byrg\u00f0 aukin. Um \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 deila en skiptir \u00fe\u00f3 ekki h\u00f6fu\u00f0m\u00e1li. A\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati f\u00e6r forsetinn sk\u00fdrara og markvissara hlutverk en n\u00fa. \u00cd \u00feremur s\u00ed\u00f0ustu li\u00f0unum f\u00e6r hann vel skilgreind verkefni sem \u00f6ll l\u00fata a\u00f0 \u00f6ryggiseftirliti. \u00cd fyrsta li\u00f0num heldur hann \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3lj\u00f3sa hlutverki sem hann hefur haft vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarmyndun, en settar eru reglur um hvernig hann skuli bera sig a\u00f0. Kjarni m\u00e1lsins er \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 lokum Al\u00feingis a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra. \u00dea\u00f0 er ein veigamesta n\u00fdm\u00e6li\u00f0 \u00ed till\u00f6gum r\u00e1\u00f0sins.<\/p>\n<p>Vissulega er forsetaemb\u00e6tti\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gt, b\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fa og framvegis, ver\u00f0i till\u00f6gur r\u00e1\u00f0sins a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. \u00dev\u00ed skiptir h\u00f6fu\u00f0m\u00e1li hver \u00e1 emb\u00e6ttinu heldur. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0in ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 vanda val sitt. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed skyni er \u00ed svo um kj\u00f6r forseta b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 hann nj\u00f3ti stu\u00f0nings meirihluta kj\u00f3senda, en svo hefur ekki veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fyrsta kj\u00f6r forseta ef undan er skilin kosning Kristj\u00e1ns Eldj\u00e1rns. Mistakist \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni vali\u00f0 situr h\u00fan \u00fe\u00f3 ekki uppi me\u00f0 forseta lengur en \u00ed \u00ferj\u00fa kj\u00f6rt\u00edmabil samkv\u00e6mt till\u00f6gum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s. \u00deetta \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i var ekki raki\u00f0 \u00ed samantekt forsetans.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Birtist upphaflega \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 7. okt\u00f3ber 2011] Forseti \u00cdslands, \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson, ger\u00f0i frumvarp stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s a\u00f0 n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 a\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni \u00ed \u00feingsetningarr\u00e6\u00f0u sinni. \u00dea\u00f0 er vel og fengur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 forseti l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins vekji \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og \u00feing til umhugsunar um \u00feetta st\u00f3rm\u00e1l, n\u00fdja stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 handa landi og l\u00fd\u00f0. \u00d3lafur Ragnar ger\u00f0i einkum emb\u00e6tti forseta \u00cdslands [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[23,29,53,57],"class_list":["post-1143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","tag-forsetinn","tag-frettatiminn","tag-tillogur-stjornlagarads","tag-thyskaland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1143"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2319,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143\/revisions\/2319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}