{"id":1324,"date":"2012-01-13T13:50:15","date_gmt":"2012-01-13T13:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=1324"},"modified":"2019-06-19T17:15:53","modified_gmt":"2019-06-19T17:15:53","slug":"hvernig-a-ad-kjosa-forsetann","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=1324","title":{"rendered":"Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa forsetann?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu 12. jan. 2012. H\u00e9r l\u00edtillega auki\u00f0.]<\/em><\/p>\n

Forsetakosningar ver\u00f0a snemmsumars og \u00fev\u00ed er n\u00fa r\u00e6tt um hvernig kj\u00f6ri\u00f0 fari fram. \u00cd 5. gr. gildandi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r segir a\u00f0 s\u00e1 s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt kj\u00f6rinn forseti „sem flest f\u00e6r atkv\u00e6\u00f0i“. Bent er \u00e1 a\u00f0 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi geti n\u00e1\u00f0 kj\u00f6ri me\u00f0 litlu fylgi samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessari reglu. \u00dev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 kasta\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 n\u00e6r tugur frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda kunni a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00ed bo\u00f0i og dreifist atkv\u00e6\u00f0i mj\u00f6g \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra geti svo fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00fdr forseti ver\u00f0i kj\u00f6rinn me\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi svo sem fimmtungs kj\u00f3senda.
\nA\u00f0eins einn af forsetum l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins hefur n\u00e1\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi meirihluta kj\u00f3senda vi\u00f0 fyrstu kosningu \u00ed emb\u00e6tti\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00ed forsetakosningunni 1968 \u00feegar Kristj\u00e1n Eldj\u00e1rn var kj\u00f6rinn me\u00f0 n\u00e6r tveimur \u00feri\u00f0juhlutum atkv\u00e6\u00f0a. Yfirlit yfir stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 kj\u00f6rinn forseta er s\u00fdnt \u00ed 1. t\u00f6flu h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.
\nKj\u00f6rnir forsetar hafa a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i skj\u00f3tt afla\u00f0 s\u00e9r stu\u00f0nings \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 kj\u00f6rfylgi. \u00deannig var\u00f0 Vigd\u00eds strax vins\u00e6l enda \u00fe\u00f3tt enginn af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kj\u00f6rnu forsetunum fj\u00f3rum hafi hloti\u00f0 minna fylgi vi\u00f0 upphaflegt kj\u00f6r en h\u00fan. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur er \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 forseti nj\u00f3ti \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0s stu\u00f0nings meirihluta kj\u00f3senda. Sums sta\u00f0ar t\u00ed\u00f0kast a\u00f0 endurtaka kj\u00f6ri\u00f0 ef enginn frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi n\u00e6r meirihluta \u00ed fyrstu atrennu. Er \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i kosi\u00f0 \u00e1 milli tveggja efstu manna \u00e1 n\u00fd og n\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e1 annar \u00feeirra hreinum meirihluta.
\nStj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0 leggur til \u00ed frumvarpi s\u00ednu einfaldari a\u00f0fer\u00f0 a\u00f0 sama marki. H\u00fan er s\u00fa a\u00f0 sameina fyrstu og a\u00f0ra umfer\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beita forgangsr\u00f6\u00f0unara\u00f0fer\u00f0. Kj\u00f3sendur ra\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endum \u00ed forgangsr\u00f6\u00f0: \u00deennan vil \u00e9g helst, en n\u00e1i hann ekki kj\u00f6ri \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feennan o.s.frv. F\u00e1i enginn frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda meirihluta a\u00f0 fyrsta vali kj\u00f3senda er s\u00e1 \u00feeirra sem f\u00e6r minnst fylgi d\u00e6mdur \u00far leik og atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hans f\u00e6r\u00f0 til hinna \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 anna\u00f0 val vi\u00f0komandi kj\u00f3senda, o.s.frv. allt \u00fear til meirihluti liggur fyrir.
\n\u00cdrar hafa um langan aldur nota\u00f0 \u00feessa a\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6llum almennum kosningum, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al \u00ed forsetakosningum. Einu sinni hefur reynt \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdrlandi a\u00f0 s\u00e1 forsetaframbj\u00f3\u00f0andi hafi ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 kj\u00f6ri sem \u00fe\u00f3 f\u00e9kk flest atkv\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 fyrsta vali. \u00deetta d\u00e6mi er raki\u00f0 \u00ed 2. t\u00f6flu. Brian Lenihan hlaut vissulega flest atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fyrstu en \u00fe\u00f3 ekki meirihluta. Kj\u00f3sendur Austin Currie ger\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed \u00fatslagi\u00f0. Eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00ed t\u00f6flunni t\u00f3ku flestir \u00feeirra Mary Robinson fram yfir Brian Lenihan svo a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var Mary sem n\u00e1\u00f0i kj\u00f6ri en ekki Brian. Tr\u00falega hef\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 sama or\u00f0i\u00f0 upp \u00e1 teningnum ef kosi\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 aftur \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra tveggja.
\nN\u00fdr forseti var kj\u00f6rinn \u00e1 \u00cdrlandi \u00e1 sl. \u00e1ri. \u00d3venjumargir, e\u00f0a sj\u00f6, voru \u00ed kj\u00f6ri. \u00darslitin og talningarhrinurnar eru s\u00fdndar \u00ed 3. t\u00f6flu. Fram kemur \u00ed t\u00f6flunni a\u00f0 enginn frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda n\u00e1\u00f0i \u00ed fyrstu hreinum meirihluta. \u00de\u00e1 eru tveir \u00feeir atkv\u00e6\u00f0ar\u00fdrustu d\u00e6mdir \u00far leik og atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra f\u00e6r\u00f0 a\u00f0 2. vali kj\u00f3senda. (\u00cdrar spara s\u00e9r talningar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sl\u00e1 tveimur hrinum saman eftir vissum reglum, sem er \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega ekki alveg k\u00f3rr\u00e9tt!) Fyrst vi\u00f0 4. talningu er or\u00f0i\u00f0 lj\u00f3st hver er sigurvegarinn. \u00dea\u00f0 var Michael D. Higgins. \u00de\u00f3tt hann hafi ekki hloti\u00f0 meirihluta \u00ed upphafi s\u00f3tti hann \u00ed sig ve\u00f0ri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hverja talningarhrinu og var \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 traust umbo\u00f0 \u00ed lokin. \u00cd ne\u00f0stu l\u00ednu t\u00f6flunnar kemur fram hve m\u00f6rg atkv\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fdtast ekki (\u201e\u00f3flytjanleg atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u201c). \u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur hafa ekki hirt um a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a n\u00e6gilega m\u00f6rgum. Mj\u00f6g, f\u00e1ir, innan vi\u00f0 1%, tilgreindu a\u00f0eins 1. val sitt, en \u00ed lokin, \u00fe.e. \u00ed 4. hrinu, h\u00f6f\u00f0u t\u00e6p 8% atkv\u00e6\u00f0a daga\u00f0 uppi. \u00deau eru \u00fe\u00f3 \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feau hef\u00f0u engu geta\u00f0 breytt \u00ed lokani\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unni. Kj\u00f6r Higgins var \u00fev\u00ed yfir allan vafa hafi\u00f0.
\n\u00cd forsetakosningunni h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1996 f\u00e9llu atkv\u00e6\u00f0i eins og s\u00fdnt er \u00ed 4. t\u00f6flu. Hef\u00f0i vali\u00f0 \u00e1 forseta or\u00f0i\u00f0 anna\u00f0 me\u00f0 forgangsr\u00f6\u00f0unara\u00f0fer\u00f0, e\u00f0a ef forsetakj\u00f6ri\u00f0 hef\u00f0i fari\u00f0 fram \u00ed tveimur umfer\u00f0um \u00fear sem kosi\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra \u00d3lafs Ragnars og P\u00e9turs Kr. \u00ed seinni umfer\u00f0? \u00dev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur ekki svara\u00f0 eftir \u00e1.
\nForgangsr\u00f6\u00f0unara\u00f0fer\u00f0in tryggir a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt kj\u00f6rinn forseti nj\u00f3ti meirihluta stu\u00f0nings kj\u00f3senda en snei\u00f0ir hj\u00e1 \u00f3kostunum vi\u00f0 kj\u00f6r \u00ed tveimur umfer\u00f0um sem eru m.a. eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n