{"id":2925,"date":"2021-09-01T09:29:21","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T09:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=2925"},"modified":"2021-09-01T09:37:07","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T09:37:07","slug":"kominn-er-timi-a-umbaetur-a-kosningakerfinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=2925","title":{"rendered":"Kominn er t\u00edmi \u00e1 umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 kosningakerfinu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>[Birtist \u00ed Kjarnanum 3. \u00e1g\u00fast 2021. ]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fyrirkomulag kosninga til Al\u00feingis hefur veri\u00f0 stokka\u00f0 upp nokku\u00f0 reglulega \u00e1 minna en tveggja \u00e1ratuga fresti; \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1933-34, 1942, 1959, 1983-1987 og 1999-2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tilefni\u00f0 hefur a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 b\u00fasetubreytingum. Upptalningin hefst 1933 \u00feegar ger\u00f0 var\u00f0 s\u00fa mikla kerfisbreyting a\u00f0 tekin voru upp j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ti (\u00fe\u00e1 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 uppb\u00f3tars\u00e6ti) til \u00feess a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i \u00e1 milli flokka, \u00fe.e. hlutfallslegu samr\u00e6mi milli landsfylgis flokkanna og \u00feingmannat\u00f6lu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fullyr\u00f0a m\u00e1 a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur af \u00feessi tagi hafi veri\u00f0 meginmarkmi\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafans \u00ed \u00f6llum breytingum kosninga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 umr\u00e6ddu t\u00edmabili. Fullum j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i var \u00fe\u00f3 ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 fyrr en me\u00f0 \u00feeirri breytingu sem t\u00f3k gildi 1987. Uppstokkunin um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldam\u00f3t haf\u00f0i sama markmi\u00f0. Fullur j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur h\u00e9lst \u00ed \u00f6llum sj\u00f6 \u00feingkosningum fr\u00e1 1987 til og me\u00f0 \u00feeim 2009. S\u00ed\u00f0an hefur halla\u00f0 undan f\u00e6ti. \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00ferennum kosningum, 2013, 2016 og 2017, hefur eitt s\u00e6ti lent hj\u00e1 \u00f3ver\u00f0skuldu\u00f0um flokki og \u00fe\u00e1 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 annars flokks. \u00deetta er svo sem minni \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur, en var allan t\u00edmann fram til 1987. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur bygg\u00f0ist \u00feingmeirihluti \u00feeirrar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar sem t\u00f3k vi\u00f0 eftir kosningarnar 2016 \u00e1 sl\u00edku umframs\u00e6ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00fa eru enn blikur \u00e1 lofti. Sko\u00f0anakannanir og hermdar kosningar \u00e1 grundvelli \u00feeirra (me\u00f0 svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um <em>Kosningahermi<\/em>, t\u00e6ki sem er \u00ed loka\u00fer\u00f3un) benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur kunni a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00e1 milli \u00feingflokka \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar komandi kosninga; a\u00f0 eitt \u2013 jafnvel tv\u00f6 \u2013 s\u00e6ti kunni a\u00f0 lenda hj\u00e1 flokki e\u00f0a flokkum sem eigi \u00feau ekki skili\u00f0 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 landsfylgi. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er p\u00f3lit\u00edskt matsatri\u00f0i hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 keppikefli a\u00f0 \u00feingstyrkur flokka endurspegli heildar\u00farslit kosninga. \u00de\u00f3 ver\u00f0ur ekki anna\u00f0 s\u00e9\u00f0 en a\u00f0 flokkarnir s\u00e9u einhuga um a\u00f0 svo skuli vera. S\u00e1 flokkur, Frams\u00f3knarflokkurinn, sem \u00feurfti a\u00f0 f\u00f3rna \u00feings\u00e6tum me\u00f0 breytingunum \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum, studdi breytingarnar \u00fe\u00e1 og um lei\u00f0 markmi\u00f0setningu sem \u00fe\u00e1 var fest \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u201e<em>[v]i\u00f0 \u00fathlutun \u00feings\u00e6ta samkv\u00e6mt kosninga\u00farslitum skal g\u00e6ta \u00feess svo sem kostur er a\u00f0 hver \u00feingflokkur f\u00e1i \u00feingmannat\u00f6lu \u00ed sem fyllstu samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 heildaratkv\u00e6\u00f0at\u00f6lu s\u00edna.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hver er ors\u00f6k misv\u00e6gis milli flokka og hva\u00f0 er til r\u00e1\u00f0a?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ein \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0na flokkamisv\u00e6gisins er hlutfallslega misjafnt v\u00e6gi kj\u00f6rd\u00e6manna, sem er h\u00e9r meira en \u00feekkist \u00ed l\u00f6ndunum \u00ed kringum okkur. \u00de\u00f3 er megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a misv\u00e6gis milli flokka s\u00fa a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tin eru of f\u00e1, en \u00feau hafa \u00feann beina tilgang a\u00f0 n\u00e1 umr\u00e6ddum j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i. \u00deetta m\u00e1 l\u00edka or\u00f0a \u00feannig a\u00f0 of st\u00f3r hluti \u00feings\u00e6ta eru kj\u00f6rd\u00e6miss\u00e6ti. Vandinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafinn hefur alltaf skori\u00f0 j\u00f6fnunar\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0in vi\u00f0 n\u00f6gl. \u00dev\u00ed hefur \u00feurft, og \u00fearf n\u00fa, a\u00f0 stokka upp kerfi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eina trygga lausnin felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed er a\u00f0 afm\u00e1 skilin milli kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mis- og j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ta, og \u00fea\u00f0 helst me\u00f0 \u00f6llu. \u00cd \u00feess sta\u00f0 ver\u00f0i kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um a\u00f0 fyrst s\u00e9 \u00f6llum \u00feings\u00e6tunum, sem n\u00fa eru 63, skipt \u00e1 milli flokkanna \u00ed hlutfallslegu samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 landsfylgi \u00feeirra. Ef vill, ver\u00f0i \u00feetta \u00fe\u00f3 einskor\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 flokka sem n\u00e1 5% landsfylgi, sbr. \u00fer\u00f6skuldinn n\u00faverandi. &nbsp;A\u00f0 \u00feessu gefnu s\u00e9 s\u00e6tunum \u00fatdeilt til kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mislistanna eftir \u00farslitum \u00ed hverju \u00feeirra eins og frekast er kostur. M.\u00f6.o. a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnunin milli flokkanna brengli sem minnst hreina hlutfalls\u00fathlutun \u00ed hverju kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reiknitilraunir me\u00f0 fyrrnefndum kosingahermi s\u00fdna a\u00f0 vel m\u00e1 \u00fatf\u00e6ra \u00feetta \u00e1 \u00feann veg a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0in \u2013 vir\u00f0ing vi\u00f0 vilja kj\u00f3senda hvers kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mis og um lei\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vilja kj\u00f3senda \u00ed heild sinni \u2013 s\u00e9u \u00ed hei\u00f0ri h\u00f6f\u00f0. Fyrra markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e6st ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en me\u00f0 n\u00faverandi \u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9ttu skiptingu s\u00e6ta \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mis- og j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ti. Og seinna markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e6st alfari\u00f0. Um \u00feetta m\u00e1 t.d. lesa \u00ed ums\u00f6gn h\u00f6fundar \u00feessa pistils um \u00feingm\u00e1l \u00e1 n\u00fdli\u00f0nu \u00feingi; sj\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/erindi\/151\/151-465.pdf\">https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/erindi\/151\/151-465.pdf<\/a>. \u00cdtarlega grein h\u00f6fundar um umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 kosningakerfinu er auk \u00feess a\u00f0 finna \u00ed hausthefti t\u00edmaritsins <em>Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l og stj\u00f3rns\u00fdsla<\/em> fr\u00e1 1984; sj\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.is\/article\/view\/1622\/pdf_356\">http:\/\/www.irpa.is\/article\/view\/1622\/pdf_356<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>H\u00f6fundur \u00deorkell Helgason, fyrrv. pr\u00f3fessor<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Birtist \u00ed Kjarnanum 3. \u00e1g\u00fast 2021. ] Fyrirkomulag kosninga til Al\u00feingis hefur veri\u00f0 stokka\u00f0 upp nokku\u00f0 reglulega \u00e1 minna en tveggja \u00e1ratuga fresti; \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1933-34, 1942, 1959, 1983-1987 og 1999-2000. Tilefni\u00f0 hefur a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 b\u00fasetubreytingum. Upptalningin hefst 1933 \u00feegar ger\u00f0 var\u00f0 s\u00fa mikla kerfisbreyting a\u00f0 tekin voru upp j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ti (\u00fe\u00e1 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8,55],"class_list":["post-2925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","tag-althingiskosningar","tag-stjornarskrarmal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2925"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2928,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925\/revisions\/2928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}