{"id":2938,"date":"2022-06-07T09:24:42","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T09:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=2938"},"modified":"2022-06-07T10:26:51","modified_gmt":"2022-06-07T10:26:51","slug":"meira-lydraedi-med-endurbotum-a-fyrirkomulagi-kosninga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=2938","title":{"rendered":"Meira l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 endurb\u00f3tum \u00e1 fyrirkomulagi kosninga"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

[Eftirfarandi pitill birtist \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni visir.is 7. j\u00fan\u00ed 2022, sj\u00e1 https:\/\/www.visir.is\/g\/20222272463d\/meira-lyd-raedi-med-endur-botum-a-fyrir-komu-lagi-kosninga<\/a>. ]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd kj\u00f6lfar n\u00fdafsta\u00f0inna kosninga til sveitarstj\u00f3rna hefur fari\u00f0 af sta\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0a um fyrirkomulag kosninga. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u. \u00deau m\u00e1l ver\u00f0a seint fullr\u00e6dd enda a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu a\u00f0 hyggja sem efla megi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. Um \u00e1ram\u00f3tin t\u00f3ku n\u00fd kosningal\u00f6g gildi. \u00deau eru til framfara en \u00ed \u00feeim er slegi\u00f0 saman \u00f6llum laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um um kosningar til Al\u00feingis, sveitarstj\u00f3rna, kj\u00f6r forseta \u00cdslands og um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slur. \u00cd lj\u00f3s hafa komi\u00f0 nokkrir t\u00e6knilegir \u00e1gallar \u00e1 l\u00f6gunum og hefur d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0 bo\u00f0a\u00f0 \u00farb\u00e6tur; sj\u00e1 https:\/\/samradsgatt.island.is\/oll-mal\/$Cases\/Details\/?id=3207<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00f0 mati undirrita\u00f0s \u00fearf \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 ganga enn lengra \u00ed umb\u00f3tum \u00e1 kosninga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um. \u00c1 \u00feetta var bent \u00ed erindi til Al\u00feingis \u00feegar frumvarp til kosningalaganna var \u00fear til umfj\u00f6llunar; sj\u00e1 https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/erindi\/151\/151-1747.pdf<\/a>. Sumar \u00feeirra \u00e1bendinga \u00e1samt nokkrum til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar skulu n\u00fa taldar upp sem innlegg \u00ed \u00feessa mikilv\u00e6gu umr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utankj\u00f6rfundaratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samkv\u00e6mt n\u00fdju kosningal\u00f6gunum hefst utankj\u00f6rfundaratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla viku eftir a\u00f0 frambo\u00f0sfrestur rennur \u00fat. \u00c1\u00f0ur var \u00feetta \u00ed \u00f6fugri r\u00f6\u00f0. Kj\u00f3sa m\u00e1tti \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki v\u00e6ri vita\u00f0 hva\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00ed bo\u00f0i. Enn er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0larnir liggja ekki frammi \u00e1 utankj\u00f6rfundarst\u00f6\u00f0um; ekki einu sinni s\u00fdnishorn \u00feeirra. Enn t\u00ed\u00f0kast s\u00fa forneskja a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur f\u00e1 au\u00f0an bla\u00f0snepil til a\u00f0 skrifa e\u00f0a stimpla \u00e1 listab\u00f3kstaf. \u00dev\u00ed gerist \u00fea\u00f0 einatt a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur fara villur vega. \u00cd n\u00fdli\u00f0num sveitarstj\u00f3rnarkosningum h\u00f6f\u00f0u t.d. 23 kj\u00f3sendur \u00ed Gar\u00f0ab\u00e6 ekki \u00e1tta\u00f0 sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nokkur frambo\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0u runni\u00f0 saman \u00ed eitt og merktu me\u00f0 listab\u00f3kst\u00f6fum forveranna, nokku\u00f0 sem kosta\u00f0i n\u00fdja listann missi eins s\u00e6tis. Ekki er kunnugt um sl\u00edka alau\u00f0a \u201ekj\u00f6rse\u00f0la\u201c neins sta\u00f0ar \u00ed grannl\u00f6ndunum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hvers vegna m\u00e1 ekki, n\u00fa \u00e1 d\u00f6gum rafr\u00e6nnar t\u00e6kni, prenta kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la \u00fat \u00e1 sta\u00f0num? Og hv\u00ed ekki ganga enn lengra og gera engan mun \u00e1 utankj\u00f6rfundaratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu (hugtak sem v\u00edsar til \u00feess \u00feegar kosi\u00f0 var \u00e1 fundi \u00ed heyranda hlj\u00f3\u00f0i!) og atkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu \u00e1 kj\u00f6rdegi; a\u00f0 kj\u00f6rdagar s\u00e9u tv\u00e6r vikur e\u00f0a svo og au\u00f0vita\u00f0 me\u00f0 alv\u00f6ru kj\u00f6rse\u00f0lum. Enn fremur m\u00e1 spyrja hv\u00ed ekki megi kj\u00f3sa p\u00f3stkosningu. \u00cd sumum grannl\u00f6ndum okkar er allt a\u00f0 helmingur atkv\u00e6\u00f0a greiddur \u00feannig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0gengilegra a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast, a.m.k. \u00feannig, vi\u00f0 s\u00edminnkandi kj\u00f6rs\u00f3kn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dathlutunarreglur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allt fr\u00e1 upphafi hlutfallskosninga h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi snemma \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld, hefur s\u00e6tum \u00ed \u00feing- og sveitarstj\u00f3rnarkosningum veri\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 me\u00f0 reglu sem kennd er vi\u00f0 D\u2018Hondt \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 einu t\u00edmabundnu fr\u00e1viki. \u00cd upphafi voru \u00feingmenn \u00ed \u00f3vissu um \u00fea\u00f0 hver \u00feessi regla v\u00e6ri og hvernig henni skyldi beitt og er \u00fea\u00f0 hin spaugilegasta saga. Reglunni var rugla\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 reglu st\u00e6rstu leifa svo a\u00f0 \u00far var\u00f0 hr\u00e6rigrautur. Milli\u00feinganefnd var sett \u00e1 laggirnar til a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra d\u00e6mi \u2013 sem h\u00fan r\u00e9\u00f0 svo ekki vi\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en r\u00e1\u00f0herrann eini, Hannes Hafstein, reikna\u00f0i r\u00e9tt sem botn komst \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regla D\u2018Hondts er tr\u00falega algengasta hlutfallsreglan en hvergi n\u00e6rri s\u00fa eina. \u00de\u00e6r helstu a\u00f0rar eru leifareglur a\u00f0 h\u00e6tti Hares og Droops en ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur regla Sainte-Lagu\u00ebs. Engin regla er \u00fe\u00f3 fullkomin. Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00f3umfl\u00fdjanlegar r\u00f6kfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur. T.d. er regla D\u2018Hondts me\u00f0 innbygg\u00f0ri bj\u00f6gun \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 h\u00fan hyglir atkv\u00e6\u00f0ameiri frambo\u00f0um \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 hinna minni. Sama \u00e1 a\u00f0 nokkru vi\u00f0 um reglu Droops. \u00de\u00e6r einu sem eru hlutlausar a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti eru reglur Sainte-Lagu\u00ebs og Hares. \u00dev\u00ed eru \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00ed\u00f0a nota\u00f0ar, og \u00fe\u00f3 einkum Lagu\u00eb-reglan, svo sem \u00ed Noregi og Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og almennt \u00ed hinum \u00fe\u00fdska menningarheimi. \u00dear um sl\u00f3\u00f0ir hafa stj\u00f3rnlagad\u00f3mst\u00f3lar jafnvel \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0 reglu D\u2018Hondts \u00f3l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlutleysi reglna st\u00e6rstu leifa og Lagu\u00ebs lei\u00f0ir \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega til \u00feess a\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feeim er ekki tryggt a\u00f0 flokkur sem f\u00e6r hreinan meirihluta atkv\u00e6\u00f0a f\u00e1i meirihluta s\u00e6ta. Regla D\u2018Hondts er s\u00fa eina sem er \u00feeim kosti b\u00fain. \u00cd kosningum til \u00fe\u00fdska Sambands\u00feingsins er s\u00e9\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feessu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 flokkur me\u00f0 meirihluta atkv\u00e6\u00f0a skuli fyrst f\u00e1 \u00fathluta\u00f0 helmingi s\u00e6ta, og einu betur, \u00e1\u00f0ur en regla Lagu\u00ebs er sett \u00ed gang. \u00c1 \u00feetta hefur \u00fe\u00f3 aldrei reynt. \u00de\u00e1 hafa reglur st\u00e6rstu leifa \u00fdmsa t\u00e6knilega \u00e1galla svo sem \u00feann a\u00f0 sm\u00e1breyting \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0um eins lista, \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edtil a\u00f0 h\u00fan breytir engu um s\u00e6tat\u00f6lu \u00feess lista, getur samt hrist upp \u00ed \u00fathlutuninni, \u00fe.e. leitt til f\u00e6rslu s\u00e6ta milli annarra lista enda \u00fe\u00f3tt atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra hafi \u00ed engu breyst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fara ver\u00f0ur yfir kosti og galla \u00feessara reglna og \u00edhuga a\u00f0rar reglur en D\u2018Hondts-reglu. T.d. g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 skynsamlegt a\u00f0 beita reglu Sainte-Lagu\u00ebs vi\u00f0 \u00fathlutun kj\u00f6rd\u00e6miss\u00e6ta. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed yr\u00f0i au\u00f0veldara a\u00f0 n\u00e1 j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i \u00e1 landsv\u00edsu milli flokka enda \u00fe\u00f3tt regla D\u2018Hondts v\u00e6ri \u00e1fram notu\u00f0 vi\u00f0 landsuppgj\u00f6ri\u00f0 og \u00fe\u00e1 um lei\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sveitarstj\u00f3rnarkosningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00f0fer\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fatdeilingu j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u00f0 talningu \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar Al\u00feingiskosninga eru j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ti \u00e1 flakki milli flokka og kj\u00f6rd\u00e6ma alla talningarn\u00f3ttina. Sama ger\u00f0ist eftir endurtalninguna fr\u00e6gu \u00ed Nor\u00f0vesturkj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi sl. haust, \u00feegar \u00f6rf\u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hreyf\u00f0u vi\u00f0 t\u00edu \u00feings\u00e6tum \u2013 og hef\u00f0u tv\u00f6 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i duga\u00f0 til. \u00dea\u00f0 sem er verra a\u00f0 listi getur tapa\u00f0 s\u00e6ti \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 fleiri atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u2013 og \u00f6fugt. (N\u00fa n\u00fdveri\u00f0 hefur P\u00e9tur \u00d3lafur A\u00f0algeirsson skrifa\u00f0 meistararitger\u00f0 um \u00feetta vi\u00f0fangsefni.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00der\u00f3a\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 margar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 deila \u00fat j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tum. \u00dear togast \u00e1 g\u00e6\u00f0i og fl\u00e6kjustig. A\u00f0eins er til ein megina\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu skyni sem snei\u00f0ir hj\u00e1 umr\u00e6ddum g\u00f6llum svo og \u00fdmsum \u00f6\u00f0rum vank\u00f6ntum. H\u00fan \u00feykir fl\u00f3kin enda \u00fe\u00f3tt st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega s\u00e9 h\u00fan afar einf\u00f6ld! Henni er beitt \u00ed kosningum \u00ed sumum kant\u00f3num \u00ed Sviss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00f6fnun atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atkv\u00e6\u00f0i vega ekki jafnt \u00ed \u00feingkosningum. Annars vegar er \u00f3samr\u00e6mi milli atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gis eftir b\u00fasetu kj\u00f3senda og hins vegar eftir \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a flokk \u00feeir velja. \u00dea\u00f0 fyrrnefnda er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera vi\u00f0lo\u00f0andi fr\u00e1 upphafi kosninga til Al\u00feingis. Enn er \u00fea\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 allt a\u00f0 helmingsmunur er \u00e1 me\u00f0altali kj\u00f3senda a\u00f0 baki hverju \u00feings\u00e6ti \u00ed Nor\u00f0vesturkj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi og \u00ed Su\u00f0vesturkj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi. Er st\u00e6tt \u00e1 \u00feessu lengur? J\u00f6fnun \u00feessa v\u00e6gis leysir l\u00edka \u00far m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum vanda eins og \u00feeim a\u00f0 n\u00e1 j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i milli flokka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00f0almarkmi\u00f0 breytinganna \u00e1 kosningakerfinu 1984-87 var a\u00f0 n\u00e1 sl\u00edkum j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i a\u00f0 fullu. \u00dea\u00f0 t\u00f3kst allt \u00fear til \u00ed \u00feingkosningunum 2013. \u00cd \u00feeim \u00ferennum \u00feingkosningum sem s\u00ed\u00f0an hafa veri\u00f0 haldnar hefur \u00ed hvert sinn eitt \u00feings\u00e6ti lent hj\u00e1 r\u00f6ngum flokki. \u00dea\u00f0 n\u00e6g\u00f0i til a\u00f0 tryggja einni r\u00edkistj\u00f3rnanna \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu meirihluta \u00e1 Al\u00feingi. \u00deessu misv\u00e6gi \u00fearf einnig a\u00f0 ey\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 n\u00e6st me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilgreina sem flest s\u00e6tanna, helst \u00f6ll \u00feeirra, sem j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6ti. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 v\u00e6ri enn einfaldara a\u00f0 gera landi\u00f0 a\u00f0 einu kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Landskj\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vandr\u00e6\u00f0aganginn me\u00f0 flakki\u00f0 \u00e1 j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tum m\u00e1 leysa me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum h\u00e6tti. \u00deau v\u00e6ru \u00f3\u00fe\u00f6rf ef landinu v\u00e6ri ekki skipt upp \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi. Millilei\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hafa j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tin alfari\u00f0 \u00e1 landslistum, \u00f3tengdum kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum. \u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed fyrirkomulagi eru til margv\u00edslegar \u00fatf\u00e6rslur. \u00dear m\u00e1 aftur s\u00e6kja \u00ed smi\u00f0ju hj\u00e1 hinum \u00fe\u00fdskum\u00e6landi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um \u00fear sem kj\u00f6rd\u00e6miss\u00e6ti \u00e1samt s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum landss\u00e6tum er meginreglan. Eftir hrun stj\u00f3rnkerfa komm\u00fanismans breiddist \u00feetta \u00fe\u00fdskuskotna kerfi \u00fat um n\u00e6r alla Austur-Evr\u00f3pu \u2013 en l\u00edka til N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1lands. \u00dea\u00f0 er svo \u00f6nnur saga a\u00f0 me\u00f0 vaxandi einr\u00e6\u00f0istilbur\u00f0um \u00ed sumum \u00feessara landa hefur kerfinu veri\u00f0 mis\u00feyrmt \u2013 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 til a\u00f0 tryggja v\u00f6ld \u00feeirra sem fyrir sitja \u00e1 palli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosningabandal\u00f6g<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Einn af f\u00e1um kostum einmenningskj\u00f6rd\u00e6ma, en \u00feau t\u00ed\u00f0kast v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00ed hinum engilsaxneska heimi, er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed raun stendur val kj\u00f3senda \u00e1 milli tveggja stj\u00f3rnarmeirihluta \u00fear sem vart \u00fer\u00edfast fleiri en tveir meginflokkar undir \u00feessu fyrirkomulagi \u2013 svo l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt sem \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fa er. \u00dear sem kosi\u00f0 er me\u00f0 hlutfallskosningum, eins og hj\u00e1 okkur, kemst a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i drj\u00fagur fj\u00f6ldi flokka \u00e1 \u00feing e\u00f0a \u00ed sveitarstj\u00f3rnir, \u00fe.a. kj\u00f3sendur vita sjaldnast hva\u00f0a meirihlutasamstarf ver\u00f0ur ofan \u00e1 \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar kosninga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dar \u00feessu m\u00e1 a\u00f0 nokkru b\u00e6ta me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 mynda kosningabandal\u00f6g, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 sama fylking geti bo\u00f0i\u00f0 fram tvo e\u00f0a fleiri jafngilda lista. \u00deannig g\u00e6tu flokkarnir gefi\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendum til kynna hverjir hyg\u00f0ust starfa saman a\u00f0 kosningum loknum. Sums sta\u00f0ar er meira a\u00f0 segja \u00fdtt undir \u00feetta. \u00cd Grikklandi eru 250 \u00feingmenn kosnir me\u00f0 hlutfallskj\u00f6ri en s\u00ed\u00f0an f\u00e6r st\u00e6rsti flokkurinn, e\u00f0a bandalagi\u00f0, 50 \u00feings\u00e6ti \u00ed kaupb\u00e6ti. \u00c1 \u00cdtal\u00edu var um skamma hr\u00ed\u00f0 gengi\u00f0 enn lengra og kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um a\u00f0 st\u00e6rsta fylkingin fengi meirihluta \u00feings\u00e6ta og engar refjar. \u00dea\u00f0 fyrirkomulag var raunar runni\u00f0 undan rifjum Berlusconis sem \u00e6tla\u00f0i a\u00f0 tryggja s\u00e9r og s\u00ednum sl\u00edkan meirihluta. Hann f\u00e9ll \u00e1 \u00feessu eigin brag\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allt fr\u00e1 upphafi hlutfallskosninga h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi hefur veri\u00f0 heimilt a\u00f0 strika yfir n\u00f6fn \u00e1 listum og umra\u00f0a \u00feeim. \u00deetta hefur \u00fe\u00f3 veri\u00f0 n\u00e6sta m\u00e1ttlaust \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 1987-2002 var \u00fea\u00f0 vita gagnslaust og var svo \u00e1fram \u00ed sveitarstj\u00f3rnarkosningum allt \u00fear til n\u00fa. Enn er \u00feetta \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0eins s\u00fdndar\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i. Sko\u00f0anakannanir, svo og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slan 2012, hafa leitt \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti kj\u00f3senda vill ganga lengra. Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0 ger\u00f0i r\u00f3tt\u00e6ka till\u00f6gu \u00fear um, en ekkert af \u00fev\u00ed sem fr\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0inu kom hefur n\u00e1\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 ganga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forsetakj\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1 galli er \u00e1 n\u00faverandi fyrirkomulagi forsetakj\u00f6rs a\u00f0 sjaldnast er lj\u00f3st hvort meirihluti kj\u00f3senda standi a\u00f0 baki kj\u00f6ri forsetaefnis. \u00dar \u00feessu er v\u00ed\u00f0a b\u00e6tt me\u00f0 endurtekinni kosningu milli \u00feeirra tveggja efstu \u00far frumkosningunni. Til er einfaldari, \u00f3d\u00fdrari og um margt p\u00f3lit\u00edskt betri a\u00f0fer\u00f0: A\u00f0 gefa kj\u00f3sendum kost \u00e1 a\u00f0 velja eftirl\u00e6tisframbj\u00f3\u00f0anda sinn og s\u00ed\u00f0an annan (e\u00f0a jafnvel fleiri) til vara. \u00deetta lag\u00f0i Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0 l\u00edka til.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um m\u00f6rg st\u00f3rm\u00e1l \u2013 svo sem um stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1, j\u00f6fnun atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gis, au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld, pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r og margt fleira \u2013 s\u00fdna kannanir og fyrrgreind \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla sterkan vilja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, en \u00feingmeirihluti hverju sinni sk\u00fdtur vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed skollaeyrum. L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i okkar felst vissulega \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kj\u00f3sum fulltr\u00faa til a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a m\u00e1lum. Gallinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 kosningar hverfast sjaldnast um einst\u00f6k st\u00f3rm\u00e1l. Vali\u00f0 stendur milli flokka og almenn vi\u00f0horf \u00feeirra en ekki um a\u00f0skilin m\u00e1lefni. A\u00f0eins einu sinni hafa \u00feingkosningar sn\u00faist um afmarka\u00f0 st\u00f3rm\u00e1l. \u00dea\u00f0 var um stj\u00f3rnarsk\u00e1rbreytingu vori\u00f0 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hv\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 leyfa \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni stundum a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a? Einnig \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed s\u00f6ltu\u00f0um till\u00f6gum Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um gildi kosninga<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um gildandi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r hefur Al\u00feingi s\u00ed\u00f0asta or\u00f0i\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 hverjir hafa n\u00e1\u00f0 kj\u00f6ri. \u00c1 \u00feetta reyndi heldur betur eftir \u00feingkosningarnar sl. haust. \u00de\u00e1 var\u00f0 fars\u00e6ll endir \u00ed kj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefnd \u00feingsins enda vel a\u00f0 verki sta\u00f0i\u00f0 undir verkstj\u00f3rn n\u00faverandi forseta Al\u00feingis. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00feykir m\u00f6rgum undarlegt a\u00f0 menn d\u00e6mi \u00ed eigin m\u00e1lum. Einnig \u00feessu vildi Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0 breyta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00f0 lokum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f6fundur \u00feessa pistils hefur \u00e1samt nokkrum \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1hugam\u00f6nnum b\u00fai\u00f0 til hugb\u00fana\u00f0 sem gerir kleift a\u00f0 hanna og g\u00e6\u00f0apr\u00f3fa \u00fdmsar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir vi\u00f0 \u00fatdeilingu s\u00e6ta. B\u00fana\u00f0urinn stendur til bo\u00f0a \u00feegar hafist ver\u00f0ur handa vi\u00f0 endurb\u00e6tur \u00e1 kosningal\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yfirskrift \u00feessarar greinar er a\u00f0 hluta s\u00f3tt \u00ed kj\u00f6ror\u00f0 eins helsta stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforingja \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verja \u00e1 seinni hluta s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar, Willys Brandts: \u201eMehr Demokratie wagen\u201c e\u00f0a \u201e\u00feorum meira l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deorkell Helgason, fyrrv. pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og r\u00e1\u00f0gjafi Al\u00feingis og landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnar \u00ed kosningam\u00e1lum. Var og f\u00e9lagi \u00ed Stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0i.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Eftirfarandi pitill birtist \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni visir.is 7. j\u00fan\u00ed 2022, sj\u00e1 https:\/\/www.visir.is\/g\/20222272463d\/meira-lyd-raedi-med-endur-botum-a-fyrir-komu-lagi-kosninga. ] \u00cd kj\u00f6lfar n\u00fdafsta\u00f0inna kosninga til sveitarstj\u00f3rna hefur fari\u00f0 af sta\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0a um fyrirkomulag kosninga. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u. \u00deau m\u00e1l ver\u00f0a seint fullr\u00e6dd enda a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu a\u00f0 hyggja sem efla megi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. Um \u00e1ram\u00f3tin t\u00f3ku n\u00fd kosningal\u00f6g gildi. \u00deau eru til framfara en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8,53],"class_list":["post-2938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","tag-althingiskosningar","tag-tillogur-stjornlagarads"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2938"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2942,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2938\/revisions\/2942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}