{"id":536,"date":"2010-11-22T17:21:49","date_gmt":"2010-11-22T17:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=536"},"modified":"2011-04-17T19:58:38","modified_gmt":"2011-04-17T19:58:38","slug":"umhverfi%c3%b0-og-au%c3%b0lindir-i-almannaeigu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=536","title":{"rendered":"Umhverfi\u00f0 og au\u00f0lindir \u00ed almannaeigu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g hef n\u00e6r alla starfs\u00e6fi m\u00edna komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 stefnum\u00f3tun um n\u00fdtingu n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0linda. \u00cd pistlinum\u00a0 J\u00e1tningar fyrrverandi orkum\u00e1lastj\u00f3ra<\/em> geri \u00e9g grein fyrir a\u00f0komu minni a\u00f0 orku- og umhverfism\u00e1lum. En \u00e9g hef l\u00edka langa reynslu af fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnunarm\u00e1lum. B\u00e6\u00f0i var a\u00f0 \u00e9g sinnti \u00fdmissi reiknil\u00edkanager\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed svi\u00f0i \u00e1 pr\u00f3fessors\u00e1rum m\u00ednum en var einnig \u00ed vinnuh\u00f3pum og nefndnum sem m\u00f3tu\u00f0u kv\u00f3takerfi\u00f0 \u00e1 fyrstu \u00e1rum \u00feess. S\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0i\u00f0 sumar var \u00e9g fenginn til a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra svokalla\u00f0a tilbo\u00f0slei\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fatdeilingu \u00e1 kv\u00f3tum fyrir stj\u00f3rnskipa\u00f0a nefnd um fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnunarkerfi\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00cd b\u00e1\u00f0um \u00feessum m\u00e1laflokkum hef \u00e9g reynt a\u00f0 beita m\u00e9r fyrir \u00fev\u00ed tvennu a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindirnar s\u00e9u n\u00fdttar af varf\u00e6rni og me\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rni \u00ed huga og hins vegar a\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 n\u00fdtingu \u00feeirra s\u00e9 \u00e1 jafnr\u00e9ttisgrundvelli og a\u00f0 eigandinn, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in, nj\u00f3ti e\u00f0lilegs ar\u00f0s. \u00deetta hvort tveggja er l\u00edfsnau\u00f0synlegt\u00a0 til a\u00f0 fri\u00f0ur geti skapast \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu og a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi atvinnugreinar geti fengi\u00f0 starfsfri\u00f0 okkur \u00f6llum til hagsb\u00f3ta.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g nefndi \u00fea\u00f0 strax \u00ed upphafi vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0amenn sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsm\u00e1la a\u00f0 kv\u00f3takerfi\u00f0 myndi lei\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 kv\u00f3tarnir fengju umtalsvert ver\u00f0gildi og nau\u00f0synlegt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a fyrirfram hvernig \u00feeim ver\u00f0m\u00e6tum yr\u00f0i skipt milli \u00fatger\u00f0ar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. Vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0in voru \u00feau a\u00f0 fyrst skyldum vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1 ar\u00f0inn ver\u00f0a til, \u00e1\u00f0ur en vi\u00f0 f\u00e6rum a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa honum. \u00c9g svara\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 yr\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 of seint; \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ru illdeilurnar hafnar. \u00c9g hef \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur reynst sannsp\u00e1r. \u00c9g er sannf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um a\u00f0 hin erfi\u00f0a sta\u00f0a sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegs n\u00fa v\u00e6ri mun betri hef\u00f0i kv\u00f3tunum strax veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 me\u00f0 tilbo\u00f0um, me\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegum forgangi \u00feeirra sem voru \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed \u00fatger\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i kv\u00f3taver\u00f0i\u00f0 og \u00fear me\u00f0 skuldsetning \u00fatger\u00f0arinnar ekki fari\u00f0 \u00fat fyrir \u00f6ll vels\u00e6mism\u00f6rk.<\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 vil \u00e9g \u00fe\u00e1 n\u00fa f\u00e1 sett \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1? \u00c1\u00f0ur en \u00e9g svara vil \u00e9g benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eru fleiri g\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 takmarka a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 en orkulindir og fiskimi\u00f0. Nefna m\u00e1 losunarheimildir \u00e1 gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundum \u00a0og fjarskiptar\u00e1sir af \u00fdmsu tagi. Og fleiri tilvik munu koma til \u00fear sem g\u00e6\u00f0unum \u00fearf a\u00f0 skipta.<\/p>\n

\u00cd 72. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar er kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um fri\u00f0helgi eignarr\u00e9ttarins. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e1 grein vil \u00e9g halda. En hvernig v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 n\u00e6st \u00e1 eftir henni k\u00e6mi \u00f6nnur grein sem kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 um eign \u00e1 almannag\u00e6\u00f0um?\u00a0 \u00c9g \u00e6tla m\u00e9r ekki \u00fe\u00e1 dul a\u00f0 geta einn og \u00f3studdur f\u00e6rt sl\u00edkt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed endanlegt letur; um \u00fea\u00f0 og allt anna\u00f0 sem \u00e9g mun leggja til, n\u00e1i \u00e9g kj\u00f6ri \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feing,\u00a0 vil \u00e9g hafa samr\u00e1\u00f0 vi\u00f0 f\u00e9laga \u00e1 \u00feinginu, s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga og almenning. En efnislega vil \u00e9g a\u00f0 greinin s\u00e9 v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6k en einf\u00f6ld og kve\u00f0i \u00e1 um \u00feetta:<\/p>\n

Takm\u00f6rku\u00f0um g\u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed eigu e\u00f0a undir forsj\u00e1 almannavaldsins m\u00e1 ekki r\u00e1\u00f0stafa varanlega. Heimilt er a\u00f0 framselja t\u00edmabundinn n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9tt \u00e1 \u00feeim enda komi fullt ver\u00f0 fyrir. \u00de\u00f3 er skylt a\u00f0 taka e\u00f0lilegt tillit til hagsmuna \u00feeirra sem hafa f\u00e6rt s\u00e9r g\u00e6\u00f0in \u00ed nyt \u00e1\u00f0ur en sl\u00edk gjaldtaka er tekin upp.<\/em><\/p>\n

Or\u00f0lagi\u00f0 \u201ekomi fullt ver\u00f0 fyrir\u201c er s\u00f3tt beint \u00ed eignarn\u00e1ms\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 72. greinarinnar.<\/p>\n

Margs er a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i, ekki s\u00edst fyrirvarans \u00ed seinni m\u00e1lsli\u00f0num. Til \u00fatsk\u00fdringar er best a\u00f0 taka fiskvei\u00f0ikv\u00f3tana sem d\u00e6mi. \u00c9g hef fr\u00e1 upphafi veri\u00f0 \u00feeirrar sko\u00f0unar a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 upp. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 gera a\u00f0 settum \u00fdmsum skilyr\u00f0um svo sem um tengsl vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1varbygg\u00f0ir. En au\u00f0vita\u00f0 m\u00e1 spyrja hvort ekki s\u00e9 or\u00f0i\u00f0 of seint a\u00f0 taka sl\u00edkt kerfi upp n\u00fa einkum \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 margir hafa keypt s\u00e9r kv\u00f3ta d\u00fdrum d\u00f3mum af \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fatger\u00f0arm\u00f6nnum. Hvort \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0i ekki rangl\u00e6ti\u00f0 ekki tv\u00f6falt me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 innkalla \u00fe\u00e1 kv\u00f3ta og l\u00e1ta menn s\u00ed\u00f0an kaupa \u00fe\u00e1 aftur \u00e1 uppbo\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 er me\u00f0 \u00feetta eins og t.d. lausnina \u00e1 skuldavanda heimilanna a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er engin lausn til sem getur ekki virst rangl\u00e1t gagnvart einhverjum. En af \u00feessum s\u00f6kum tel \u00e9g a\u00f0 innk\u00f6llun \u00e1 n\u00faverandi fiskvei\u00f0ikv\u00f3tum ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera varf\u00e6rnisleg. \u00cd m\u00ednum huga hefur innk\u00f6llunin fremur t\u00e1knr\u00e6na merkingu, \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa a\u00f0 fiskimi\u00f0in s\u00e9u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign, en a\u00f0 innheimta eigi umtalsver\u00f0an au\u00f0lindaar\u00f0 til \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. \u00dev\u00ed g\u00e6ti \u00e9g s\u00e9\u00f0 fyrir m\u00e9r a\u00f0 innk\u00f6llunarhlutfalli\u00f0 v\u00e6ri mj\u00f6g l\u00e1gt, t.d. 3% \u00e1 \u00e1ri.<\/p>\n

N\u00fa hef \u00e9g reifa\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun \u00e1 n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9tti \u00e1 takm\u00f6rku\u00f0um g\u00e6\u00f0um. \u00de\u00e1 er ekki nema h\u00e1lf sagan s\u00f6g\u00f0. N\u00fdting au\u00f0linda stangast \u00ed flestum tilfellum \u00e1 vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0hald og vernd n\u00e1tt\u00farug\u00e6\u00f0a. M\u00e1lami\u00f0lun \u00ed \u00feessum efnum er \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6mileg og br\u00e1\u00f0nau\u00f0synleg. Vi\u00f0 erum \u00feegar b\u00fain a\u00f0 ganga \u00e1 n\u00e1tt\u00faruna \u00fe\u00f3 ekki v\u00e6ri nema me\u00f0 bygg\u00f0, r\u00e6ktun og vegager\u00f0. Flest af \u00feessu er landg\u00e6\u00f0an\u00fdting sem vi\u00f0 viljum ekki vera \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta breytir \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 \u00e9g sty\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 komi \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um umhverfism\u00e1l og n\u00e1tt\u00faruvernd. \u00c9g er ekki s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00ed \u00feeim m\u00e1lum og mun \u00fear hlusta gaumg\u00e6filega \u00e1 till\u00f6gur annarra. \u00a0Sem vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 vil \u00e9g hafa or\u00f0alag \u00far frumvarpi til breytingar \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni sem foringjar fj\u00f6gurra flokka l\u00f6g\u00f0u fram \u00e1 vor\u00feinginu 2008, en \u00fear segir m.a.<\/p>\n

\u201eAllar n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindir ber a\u00f0 n\u00fdta \u00e1 sem hagkv\u00e6mastan h\u00e1tt \u00e1 grundvelli sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rrar \u00fer\u00f3unar til hags\u00e6ldar fyrir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina og komandi kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n

Allir eiga r\u00e9tt til umhverfis sem stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 heilbrig\u00f0i og \u00fear sem l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri fj\u00f6lbreytni er vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e1nar er \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gum. R\u00e9ttur almennings til uppl\u00fdsinga um \u00e1stand umhverfis og \u00e1hrif framkv\u00e6mda \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0, svo og kostur \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed undirb\u00faningi \u00e1kvar\u00f0ana sem \u00e1hrif hafa \u00e1 umhverfi\u00f0, skal trygg\u00f0ur me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum.\u201c<\/p>\n

Samandregi\u00f0 er afsta\u00f0a m\u00edn \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00feessum efnum sk\u00fdr:<\/p>\n