{"id":678,"date":"2011-01-31T12:36:32","date_gmt":"2011-01-31T12:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=678"},"modified":"2015-12-22T14:08:35","modified_gmt":"2015-12-22T14:08:35","slug":"var-haegt-ad-rekja-kjorsedla-til-kjosenda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=678","title":{"rendered":"Var h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 rekja kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la til kj\u00f3senda?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Pistill \u00feessi var saminn 31. jan\u00faar 2011 en ekki birtur fyrr en 16. apr\u00edl s.\u00e1.]<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e6star\u00e9ttur segir \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sinni um \u00f3gildingu kosninga til stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings um tv\u00f6 atri\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u \u201cverulegur annmarki \u00e1 kosningunni\u201d. Anna\u00f0 \u00feessara atri\u00f0a er a\u00f0 au\u00f0kenning \u00e1 se\u00f0lunum geti leitt til \u00feess rekja megi kj\u00f6rse\u00f0lana til kj\u00f3senda.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9tturinn v\u00edkur ekki einu or\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sinni hvers vegna nau\u00f0synlegt var a\u00f0 au\u00f0kenna se\u00f0lana. Rafr\u00e6nn talning, \u00fe.e. \u00fathlutun s\u00e6ta, er n\u00e6sta \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6mileg me\u00f0 \u00feeirri kosningara\u00f0fer\u00f0 sem l\u00f6gin um stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feing kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um. Svo v\u00e6ri einnig \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00f6\u00f0rum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 beitt, svo sem merkingu vi\u00f0 fleiri en einn frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda me\u00f0 krossi, pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6rsa\u00f0fer\u00f0inni o.s.frv. Se\u00f0larnir voru au\u00f0kenndir til a\u00f0 unnt v\u00e6ri \u00e1 talningarsta\u00f0 a\u00f0 rekja saman kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la og hina raf\u00e6nu mynd \u00feeirra og samlesa \u00feegar vafi l\u00e9k \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 t\u00e6kin hef\u00f0u lesi\u00f0 r\u00e9tt. \u00deetta er alls sta\u00f0ar gert \u00fear sem tali\u00f0 er me\u00f0 rafr\u00e6num h\u00e6tti. \u00deetta v\u00e6ri l\u00edka nau\u00f0synlegt \u00fe\u00f3tt innlestur v\u00e6ri ekki me\u00f0 sk\u00f6nnun heldur atkv\u00e6\u00f0in slegin inn eins og l\u00edka kom til \u00e1lita a\u00f0 gera. \u00dea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i vissulega veri\u00f0 betra a\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feessi au\u00f0kenni hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 sett \u00e1 se\u00f0lana fyrst \u00e1 talningarsta\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur en se\u00f0larnir voru skanna\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9tturinn st\u00f3\u00f0 frammi fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 se\u00f0larnir voru au\u00f0kenndir fyrir fram. Hva\u00f0 segja d\u00f3mararnir \u00fe\u00e1? H\u00e9r er or\u00f0r\u00e9tt \u00fea\u00f0 sem segir \u00ed 3. mgr. kafla VI.1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00fear sem ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a er um \u00feetta atri\u00f0i. Skoti\u00f0 er inn n\u00famerum milli hornklofa \u00e1 undan m\u00e1lsli\u00f0um til a\u00f0 unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til \u00feeirra \u00ed ums\u00f6gn h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un d\u00f3msm\u00e1la- og mannr\u00e9ttindar\u00e1\u00f0uneytis, n\u00fa innanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0uneytis, \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig au\u00f0kenningu kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la skyldi haga\u00f0 \u00e1 grundvelli 2. mgr. 10. gr. laga nr. 90\/2010, sbr. 2. gr. laga nr. 120\/2010, var\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka fullt tillit til \u00feess a\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt 4. gr. laganna skyldi kosningin vera leynileg. [1] Eins og sk\u00fdrt er teki\u00f0 fram \u00ed athugasemdum frumvarpsins \u00e1tti kj\u00f6rse\u00f0ill ekki a\u00f0 vera rekjanlegur til kj\u00f3sanda. [2] Alkunna er a\u00f0 s\u00fa a\u00f0fer\u00f0 er oft vi\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 stemma af fj\u00f6lda kj\u00f3senda sem komi\u00f0 hafa \u00ed kj\u00f6rdeild a\u00f0 ritu\u00f0 eru n\u00f6fn kj\u00f3senda \u00ed \u00feeirri r\u00f6\u00f0 sem \u00feeir koma og grei\u00f0a atkv\u00e6\u00f0i. [3] \u00dear sem uppl\u00fdst hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0larnir voru ekki a\u00f0eins strikamerktir heldur einnig merktir n\u00famerum sem voru \u00ed samfelldri hlaupandi t\u00f6lur\u00f6\u00f0 var \u00ed reynd afar au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra uppl\u00fdsingar samhli\u00f0a n\u00f6fnum kj\u00f3senda \u00feannig a\u00f0 rekja m\u00e6tti til n\u00famera se\u00f0la sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u fengi\u00f0. [4] Ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 telja a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um a\u00f0 haga n\u00fameramerkingu se\u00f0lanna me\u00f0 \u00feeim h\u00e6tti sem h\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00fdst hafi fari\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 loka\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 4. gr. laga nr. 90\/2010 um leynilegar kosningar, en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 grundvallar\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar um opinberar kosningar, sbr. 5. gr., 26. gr., 1. mgr. 31. gr. og 2. mgr. 79. gr. hennar. [5] Ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 telja \u00feetta verulegan annmarka \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md kosninganna, ekki s\u00edst \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess, eins og n\u00e1nar ver\u00f0ur viki\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ar, a\u00f0 telja bar atkv\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir opnum dyrum og a\u00f0 vi\u00f0st\u00f6ddum fulltr\u00faum samkv\u00e6mt 2. mgr. 98. gr. laga nr. 24\/2000.<\/em><\/p>\n

Skal n\u00fa viki\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feeim atri\u00f0um sem h\u00e9r eru au\u00f0kennd innan hornklofa:<\/p>\n

[2]: Hva\u00f0an hafa d\u00f3mararnir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201calkunna s\u00e9 a\u00f0 \u2026 ritu\u00f0 eru n\u00f6fn kj\u00f3senda \u00ed \u00feeirri r\u00f6\u00f0 sem \u00feeir koma og grei\u00f0a atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u201d? L\u00e1ta \u00feeir duga l\u00edtt r\u00f6kstudda fullyr\u00f0ingu eins k\u00e6randa um a\u00f0 sl\u00edkt hafi t\u00ed\u00f0kast einhvers sta\u00f0ar. Vi\u00f0 \u00feetta kannast engir \u00feeir kj\u00f6rdeildarmenn sem \u00e9g hef haft spurnir af. Enda v\u00e6ri sl\u00edkt ath\u00e6fi tr\u00falega brot \u00e1 l\u00f6gum um kosningar til Al\u00feingis svo og til stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings.<\/p>\n

[3]: Vissulega hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 unnt a\u00f0 skrifa ni\u00f0ur \u00ed kj\u00f6rdeildum beint e\u00f0a \u00f3beint hva\u00f0a kj\u00f3sandi f\u00e9kk hva\u00f0a se\u00f0lin\u00famer. En sem fyrr v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 auglj\u00f3st l\u00f6gbrot.<\/p>\n

[1]: Hvar \u00ed r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rslu H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar er s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0illinn hafi veri\u00f0 rekjanlegur til kj\u00f3senda \u00e1n bers\u00fdnilega sviksamrar heg\u00f0unar af h\u00e1lfu kj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnarmanna? Hvergi.<\/p>\n

[4]: Hva\u00f0 svo, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir v\u00e6ru rekjanlegir \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri (me\u00f0 gl\u00e6psamlegi ath\u00e6fi) a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0 hva\u00f0a se\u00f0iln\u00famer tiltekinn kj\u00f3sandi f\u00e9kk? Hvernig \u00e1tti \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 finna hvernig atkv\u00e6\u00f0i var greitt \u00e1 \u00feessum se\u00f0li? H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur botnar ekki r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rslu s\u00edna. \u00dear me\u00f0 er h\u00fan marklaus.<\/p>\n

[5]: Me\u00f0 \u00f6llu er \u00f3skiljnalegt hva\u00f0 h\u00e9r vakir fyrir d\u00f3murunum. H\u00e9r er rekjanleikinn einhvern veginn tengdur vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 tr\u00fana\u00f0armenn hef\u00f0u \u00e1tt a\u00f0 vera vi\u00f0stadddir talninguna, samt\u00edmis \u00fev\u00ed sem kvarta\u00f0 er yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi ekki veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0staddir. Hvers konar r\u00f6kleysu getur r\u00e9tturinn leyft s\u00e9r!<\/p>\n

Skal n\u00fa fjalla\u00f0 um \u00feetta k\u00e6ruatri\u00f0i \u00ed heild, \u00fea\u00f0 hvort au\u00f0kenning se\u00f0lanna hef\u00f0i svipt kj\u00f3sendur kosningarleynd.<\/p>\n

Hvernig hef\u00f0i m\u00e1tt rekja \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig einstakir kj\u00f3sendur v\u00f6r\u00f0u atkv\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00ednu? Til \u00feess hef\u00f0u a.m.k. tveir opinberir \u00e1byrg\u00f0armenn \u00feurft a\u00f0 fremja alvarleg l\u00f6gbrot:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fyrst hef\u00f0i kj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnarma\u00f0ur \u00ed kj\u00f6rdeild \u00feurft a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 hj\u00e1 s\u00e9r, beint e\u00f0a \u00f3beint, se\u00f0iln\u00famer \u00feess kj\u00f3senda sem hann vildi nj\u00f3sna um.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi hef\u00f0i kj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnarma\u00f0urinn a\u00f0 \u00feurft a\u00f0 setja sig \u00ed samband vi\u00f0 einn \u00feeirra \u00f6rf\u00e1u tr\u00fana\u00f0armanna landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnar sem g\u00e1tu haft a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 hinum rafr\u00e6na gagnagrunni me\u00f0 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0lunum.<\/li>\n
  3. \u00deessi tengill \u00e1 talningarsta\u00f0 hef\u00f0i s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00feurft a\u00f0 hafa upp \u00e1 umr\u00e6ddum se\u00f0li og lj\u00f3stra upp um hvernig atkv\u00e6\u00f0inu var vari\u00f0 og koma \u00feeim uppl\u00fdsingum \u00fat fyrir talningarsta\u00f0inn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A\u00f0rar lei\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta se\u00f0iln\u00famerin til a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 vari\u00f0 eru langs\u00f3ttari. Hef\u00f0i kj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnarma\u00f0ur geta\u00f0 va\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed kj\u00f6rkassa \u00feegar \u00e1 kj\u00f6rsta\u00f0num og fundi\u00f0 \u00feann se\u00f0il sem hann haf\u00f0i n\u00fameri\u00f0 \u00e1? Ekki \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 s\u00e9\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00e1 kassanum og innsigli hans.<\/p>\n

    Allt \u00feetta hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 l\u00f6gbrot sem var\u00f0a\u00f0i v\u00e6ntanlega vi\u00f0 hegningarl\u00f6g, sbr. \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 124. gr. um kosningar til Al\u00feingis en \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 lagagrein er m.a. v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gum um stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feing. \u00cd 124. gr. fyrrgreindu laganna segir: \u201c\u00dea\u00f0 var\u00f0ar sektum, ef ekki liggur \u00feyngri refsing vi\u00f0 eftir \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00feessara laga e\u00f0a eftir \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00f6gum, ef sveitarstj\u00f3rn, kj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rn, utankj\u00f6rfundarkj\u00f6rstj\u00f3ri e\u00f0a emb\u00e6ttisma\u00f0ur hagar fyrirskipa\u00f0ri framkv\u00e6md laga \u00feessara v\u00edsvitandi \u00e1 \u00f3l\u00f6glegan h\u00e1tt e\u00f0a vanr\u00e6kir hana.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Vissulega g\u00e6tu au\u00f0kenni se\u00f0lanna gert au\u00f0veldara en ella a\u00f0 rekja kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la. En til \u00feess hef\u00f0i \u00feurft sams\u00e6ri a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarki tveggja emb\u00e6ttismanna eins og a\u00f0 ofan greinir. S\u00e9 eindreginn brotavilji fyrir hendi er vitaskuld margt hl\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera. Einfaldasta lei\u00f0in til nj\u00f3sna er a\u00f0 koma vefmyndav\u00e9l fyrir \u00ed rj\u00e1fri kj\u00f6rsta\u00f0ar sem beinir linsu sinni beint ofan \u00e1 kj\u00f6rbor\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00dear sem \u00e9g kaus \u00ed fr\u00e6gu \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttah\u00fasi \u00e1 \u00c1lftanesi hef\u00f0i n\u00e1nast hver sem var geta\u00f0 hengt upp sl\u00edka myndav\u00e9l \u00ed rj\u00e1fri\u00f0 fyrir kosningardaginn \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed v\u00e6ri teki\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i l\u00edti\u00f0 gagna\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt unnt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 draga tjald fyrir kj\u00f6rklefanna, nema haft v\u00e6ri \u00feak \u00e1 klefunum!<\/p>\n

    \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur seint komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir l\u00f6gbrot en vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0um a\u00f0 treysta \u00fev\u00ed ei\u00f0svarna f\u00f3lki sem s\u00e9r um framkv\u00e6md kosninga. Ella m\u00e6tti \u00f3gilda allar kosningar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed einu a\u00f0 menn me\u00f0 einbeittan brotavilja geta alltaf svindla\u00f0. Einmitt \u00fea\u00f0 er h\u00e6ttan vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar. H\u00e9\u00f0an \u00ed fr\u00e1 m\u00e1 tortryggja allar kosningar og f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00f3giltar \u00e1 grunsemdum einum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [Pistill \u00feessi var saminn 31. jan\u00faar 2011 en ekki birtur fyrr en 16. apr\u00edl s.\u00e1.] H\u00e6star\u00e9ttur segir \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sinni um \u00f3gildingu kosninga til stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings um tv\u00f6 atri\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u \u201cverulegur annmarki \u00e1 kosningunni\u201d. Anna\u00f0 \u00feessara atri\u00f0a er a\u00f0 au\u00f0kenning \u00e1 se\u00f0lunum geti leitt til \u00feess rekja megi kj\u00f6rse\u00f0lana til kj\u00f3senda. R\u00e9tturinn v\u00edkur ekki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","tag-kosningakaerur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=678"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2343,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678\/revisions\/2343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}