{"id":783,"date":"2011-03-11T11:25:09","date_gmt":"2011-03-11T11:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=783"},"modified":"2012-09-16T09:00:38","modified_gmt":"2012-09-16T09:00:38","slug":"atkv%c3%a6%c3%b0i-folks-e%c3%b0a-fjalla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=783","title":{"rendered":"Atkv\u00e6\u00f0i f\u00f3lks e\u00f0a fjalla?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>[Birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 11. mars 2011]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Eitt af mikilv\u00e6gustu verkefnum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s, ef \u00fea\u00f0 kemst \u00e1 laggirnar, ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fjalla um kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskipan og kosningar til Al\u00feingis. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 hef\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa sl\u00edk \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i mj\u00f6g \u00edtarleg \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 \u00cdslands. Svo er einnig hj\u00e1 hinum norr\u00e6nu r\u00edkjunum. Allur gangur er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00feessu. \u00cd sumum grannr\u00edkjum okkar, t.d. \u00de\u00fdskalandi e\u00f0a Hollandi, kve\u00f0ur stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 a\u00f0eins \u00e1 um a\u00f0 kosningar skuli vera leynilegar og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegar. Hvort sem sagt ver\u00f0ur meira e\u00f0a minna um \u00feetta \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 okkar er eins\u00fdnt a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hugsa m\u00e1li\u00f0 til enda, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a ekki a\u00f0eins \u00e1 um stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0in heldur gera l\u00edka dr\u00f6g a\u00f0 frv. til kosningalaga sem falli a\u00f0 n\u00fdjum stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um. Svo hefur veri\u00f0 gert \u00feegar \u00feessum \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um hefur veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni \u00e1\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n<p>Grunnspurningarnar sem taka \u00fearf afst\u00f6\u00f0u til eru \u00feessar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1 v\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a a\u00f0 vera jafnt, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 b\u00fasetu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1 landi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera eitt kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1 a\u00f0 velja \u00feingmenn a\u00f0 einhverju leyti me\u00f0 pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6ri?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00de\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fundinum sem haldinn var s.l. haust sv\u00f6ru\u00f0u \u00feessu almennt j\u00e1tandi. Fjalla\u00f0 mun um spurningarnar \u00ed \u00feessum pistli og \u00f6\u00f0rum sem koma s\u00ed\u00f0ar. Byrjum \u00e1 \u00feeirri fyrstu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvert er misv\u00e6gi\u00f0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00deegar tala\u00f0 er um atkv\u00e6\u00f0amisv\u00e6gi er oftast horft til t\u00f6lu kj\u00f3senda a\u00f0 baki hverju \u00feings\u00e6ti. S\u00ed\u00f0an er fundi\u00f0 hlutfall \u00feessarar kj\u00f3sendat\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi sem talan er h\u00e6st og \u00feess \u00fear sem h\u00fan er l\u00e6gst. Vi\u00f0 getum nefnt \u00feetta hlutfall <em>misv\u00e6gishlutfall<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00dev\u00ed a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 hlutfalli\u00f0 s\u00e9 n\u00e1l\u00e6gt einum er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tala um jafnt v\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ustu kosningum til Al\u00feingis var \u00feetta hlutfall r\u00e9tt r\u00famlega tveir. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um gildandi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r mun eitt \u00feings\u00e6ti f\u00e6rast vi\u00f0 n\u00e6stu kosningar og draga \u00far misv\u00e6ginu. Misv\u00e6gishlutfalli\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 1,8-1,9. \u00dea\u00f0 er minna misv\u00e6gi en elstu menn muna. Fyrir kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mabreytinguna 1987 var misv\u00e6gishlutfalli\u00f0 i\u00f0ulega 4-5. Misv\u00e6gi\u00f0 minnka\u00f0i nokku\u00f0 vi\u00f0 breytinguna \u00fe\u00e1 en s\u00ed\u00f0an seig aftur \u00e1 \u00f3g\u00e6fuhli\u00f0ina \u00fear til b\u00e6tt var \u00far sk\u00e1k \u00e1 n\u00fd me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rbreytingu 1999. A\u00f0 \u00f3breyttu mun hlutfalli\u00f0 haldast \u00e1fram um e\u00f0a r\u00e9tt undir tveimur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1 hitt er a\u00f0 l\u00edta a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 fullur p\u00f3lit\u00edskur j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur allt s\u00ed\u00f0an 1987 \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00feingflokkarnir hafa hloti\u00f0 r\u00e9tta t\u00f6lu \u00feingmanna mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 landsfylgi. Misv\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a hefur \u00fev\u00ed fyrst og fremst birst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 flokkarnir \u00feurfa a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 \u00feingmannsefnum \u00far f\u00e1mennum kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0an sem fylgi\u00f0 er meira. Verst hefur \u00feetta bitna\u00f0 \u00e1 Frams\u00f3knarflokknum. Nefna m\u00e1 sem d\u00e6mi a\u00f0 hann f\u00e9kk a\u00f0eins einn af 34 \u00feingm\u00f6nnum h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarkj\u00f6rd\u00e6manna \u00feriggja \u00ed kosningunum 2007 \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og hann f\u00e9kk 3 \u00feingmenn af 10 \u00ed Nor\u00f0austurkj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvers vegna a\u00f0 hafa misv\u00e6gi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Meginr\u00f6kin sem f\u00e6r\u00f0 eru fyrir misv\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a eru \u00feau a\u00f0 landsbygg\u00f0arf\u00f3lk hafi lakari a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnkerfinu en \u00feeir sem b\u00faa \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarsv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00deetta eigi a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta upp me\u00f0 fleiri \u00feingm\u00f6nnum.\u00a0 Mannr\u00e9ttindi, \u00fe.m.t. kosningar\u00e9ttur, eiga a\u00f0 vera j\u00f6fn fyrir alla. \u00c1 a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0umun ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 taka me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti. Ef r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta \u00e1 misjafnan atkv\u00e6\u00f0ar\u00e9tt me\u00f0 \u00f3jafnri a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vakna s\u00fa spurning hvort \u00fe\u00e1 eigi ekki a\u00f0 taka tillit til annarra \u00fe\u00e1tta l\u00edka. \u00a0Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 a\u00f0 fatla\u00f0ir hef\u00f0u s\u00e9rstakt atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi e\u00f0a a\u00f0 foreldrar f\u00e1i auki\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi \u00ed umbo\u00f0i barna sinna? \u00deessa hugsun m\u00e1 lei\u00f0a <em>ad absurdum<\/em>, \u00e1 henni ver\u00f0ur enginn endir.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f6kin um a\u00f0 a\u00f0koma a\u00f0 valdinu fari \u00feverrandi eftir fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 fr\u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0borginni eru l\u00edka h\u00e6pin. Hva\u00f0 skyldu \u00edb\u00faar \u00ed ja\u00f0arbygg\u00f0um h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarsv\u00e6\u00f0isins oft ver\u00f0a varir vi\u00f0 \u00feingmenn s\u00edna? Ef fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0arr\u00f6kin eiga a\u00f0 gilda \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra \u00feau \u00ed \u00feaula. Eru einhver r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi tv\u00f6faldist vi\u00f0 eitt a\u00f0 flytjast fimm k\u00edl\u00f3metra e\u00f0a svo \u00ed gegnum Hvalfjar\u00f0arg\u00f6ngin? \u00deeir sem b\u00faa r\u00e9tt nor\u00f0an \u00feeirra, \u00f6rskammt fr\u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0borginni, hafa meira atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi en a\u00f0rir, l\u00edka \u00feeir sem b\u00faa fj\u00e6rst henni, svo sem \u00e1 Langanesi.<\/p>\n<p>Sagt er a\u00f0 misv\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00e9 ekki s\u00e9r\u00edslenskt fyrirb\u00e6ri. \u00dea\u00f0 er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 hluta \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9 allur gangur. Af grannr\u00edkjunum er Noregur \u00fea\u00f0 land sem l\u00edkist okkur helst \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Noregur er langur og mj\u00f3r og h\u00f6fu\u00f0sta\u00f0urinn \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st \u00ed ja\u00f0ri annars endans. \u00c6tla m\u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 l\u00e6gi beint vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 mismuna eftir fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Osl\u00f3. Svo er ekki gert heldur er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 f\u00f3lk og fj\u00f6ll sem m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a. \u00deings\u00e6tum \u00ed St\u00f3r\u00feinginu er skipt \u00e1 milli kj\u00f6rd\u00e6ma, fylkjanna, \u00feannig a\u00f0 flatarm\u00e1l m\u00e6lt \u00ed ferk\u00edl\u00f3metrum er margfalda\u00f0 me\u00f0 1,8 og \u00edb\u00faat\u00f6lunni b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0. S\u00fa v\u00edstala sem \u00feannig f\u00e6st er notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00fatdeila \u00feings\u00e6tunum 169. Hvernig stu\u00f0ullinn 1,8 er fenginn er hulinn r\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta. \u00deessar reiknik\u00fanstir Nor\u00f0manna lei\u00f0a til nokkurs misv\u00e6gis en ekki \u00ed sama heildarm\u00e6li og hj\u00e1 okkur. Til gamans m\u00e1 geta \u00feess a\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00cdsland eitt fylkja Noregs (sem sumum \u00fe\u00e6tti ekki amalegt n\u00fa \u00e1 \u00feessum s\u00ed\u00f0ustu og verstu t\u00edmum!) og \u00feings\u00e6tum b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 handa okkur \u00ed St\u00f3r\u00feinginu fengjum vi\u00f0 16 s\u00e6ti af alls 185 eftir form\u00falunni, en ekki nema 11 af 180 ef \u00edb\u00faatalan ein yr\u00f0i l\u00e1tin r\u00e1\u00f0a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00edminn er kominn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kosningaeftirlitsstofnun <em>\u00d6ryggis- og samvinnustofnunar Evr\u00f3pu<\/em> kom me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1bendingu eftir \u00feingkosningarnar 2009 a\u00f0 \u201et\u00edmi s\u00e9 kominn til a\u00f0 \u00edhuga laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um skiptingu \u00feings\u00e6ta \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 tryggja j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 milli kj\u00f3senda.\u201c Sk\u00fdrar ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 ekki sagt.<\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00e6g er umm\u00e6li hins reynda bandar\u00edska h\u00e6star\u00e9ttard\u00f3mara Earl Warren\u00a0um atkv\u00e6\u00f0aj\u00f6fnu\u00f0: \u201e\u00deingmenn eru fulltr\u00faar fyrir f\u00f3lk, ekki tr\u00e9 e\u00f0a ekrur. \u00deingmenn eru valdir af kj\u00f3sendum, hvorki af b\u00fdlum n\u00e9 borgum n\u00e9 heldur af atvinnuhagsmunum.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd n\u00e6sta pistli fjalla \u00e9g um skipan kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mam\u00e1la.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 11. mars 2011] Eitt af mikilv\u00e6gustu verkefnum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s, ef \u00fea\u00f0 kemst \u00e1 laggirnar, ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fjalla um kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskipan og kosningar til Al\u00feingis. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 hef\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa sl\u00edk \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i mj\u00f6g \u00edtarleg \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 \u00cdslands. Svo er einnig hj\u00e1 hinum norr\u00e6nu r\u00edkjunum. Allur gangur er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00feessu. \u00cd sumum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[36,29],"class_list":["post-783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","category-greinar","tag-atkvaedisrettur","tag-frettatiminn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=783"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1621,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions\/1621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}