{"id":822,"date":"2011-03-25T22:52:52","date_gmt":"2011-03-25T22:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=822"},"modified":"2011-04-16T12:11:53","modified_gmt":"2011-04-16T12:11:53","slug":"endurspegla-kjord%c3%a6mi-n%c3%a6rumhverfi-okkar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=822","title":{"rendered":"Endurspegla kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi n\u00e6rumhverfi okkar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\u00deessi pistill birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 25. mars 2011]<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ustu grein minni \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00e9g si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 hafa jafnt atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 b\u00fasetu, \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa til Al\u00feingis. \u00dev\u00ed markmi\u00f0i m\u00e1 n\u00e1 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu fyrirkomulagi kosninga og kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskipunar. En um lei\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 fleiri sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um, t.d. eftirfarandi og byrja \u00e9g \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1 forsendunni sem \u00e1\u00f0ur greinir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kj\u00f3sendur hafi jafnt atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 b\u00fasetu.<\/li>\n<li>Jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e9 me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lasamt\u00f6kum.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c6skilegt er a\u00f0 \u00feingmannsefni bj\u00f3\u00f0i sig fram \u00ed n\u00e6rumhverfi kj\u00f3senda.<\/li>\n<li>Kj\u00f3sendur r\u00e1\u00f0i vali \u00e1 \u00feingsmannsefnum a.m.k. innan \u00feess flokks sem \u00feeir sty\u00f0ja, jafnvel \u00fevert \u00e1 flokka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00deessi upptalning er hvergi n\u00e6rri t\u00e6mandi, en l\u00e1tum h\u00e9r vi\u00f0 sitja \u00ed svipinn. \u00c9g hef \u00feegar teki\u00f0 af skari\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 sko\u00f0un a\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fyrsta markmi\u00f0inu megi ekki v\u00edkja, enda f\u00e6 \u00e9g ekki s\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feurfi a\u00f0 vera \u00ed m\u00f3ts\u00f6gn vi\u00f0 neitt hinna markmi\u00f0anna.<\/p>\n<p>Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru markmi\u00f0inu er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00feingflokkar f\u00e1i r\u00e9tta t\u00f6lu \u00feingmanna mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 landsfylgi. Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi leynt e\u00f0a lj\u00f3st veri\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rgjafans \u00a0a.m.k. allt fr\u00e1 kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mabreytingunni miklu 1959. En \u00feetta p\u00f3lit\u00edska markmi\u00f0 kann a\u00f0 stangast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a markmi\u00f0i\u00f0. Um \u00fea\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ari pistlum. Einbl\u00ednum \u00fev\u00ed n\u00fa \u00e1 anna\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 og a\u00f0 hluta til \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja, en a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fyrsta sj\u00e1lfgefnu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Allir \u00feingmenn ver\u00f0i landskj\u00f6rnir<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anna\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00ed raun krafa um hlutfallskosningar \u00ed einhverri mynd; a\u00f0 \u00feings\u00e6tin skiptist \u00e1 milli flokka \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st \u00ed beinu hlutfalli vi\u00f0 landsfylgi \u00feeirra. \u00cd grundvallaratri\u00f0um er \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0eins ein tegund lausna: Uppskipting \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi, eitt e\u00f0a fleiri, \u00e1samt me\u00f0 n\u00e6gilega m\u00f6rgum j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tum til a\u00f0 tryggja flokkajafnr\u00e6\u00f0i. Kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskiptingin ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u a\u00f0 vera sl\u00edk a\u00f0 ekki halli \u00e1 kj\u00f3sendur eftir b\u00fasetu. \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feess hve b\u00faseta er misdreif\u00f0 um landi\u00f0 skapar uppskipting \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi veruleg vandkv\u00e6\u00f0i: Anna\u00f0 hvort ver\u00f0a kj\u00f6rd\u00e6min me\u00f0 mj\u00f6g mismarga kj\u00f3sendur \u2013 og \u00fear me\u00f0 mismarga \u00feingmenn \u2013 e\u00f0a brytja ver\u00f0ur h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarsv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur \u00ed m\u00f6rg sm\u00e1 og tilviljunarkennd kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00fa eru j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tin n\u00edu og mega ekki vera f\u00e6rri. Raunar er engin trygging fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00fa tala dugi til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 megi flokkajafnr\u00e6\u00f0i. Meini\u00f0 vi\u00f0 j\u00f6fnunars\u00e6tin, eins og \u00feau hafa veri\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6r\u00f0, er a\u00f0 \u00feeim er tro\u00f0i\u00f0 upp \u00e1 kj\u00f6rd\u00e6min. \u00deannig f\u00e1 t.d. stu\u00f0ningsmenn Frams\u00f3knarflokksins \u00e1 Su\u00f0vesturlandi \u00feingmenn a\u00f0 nor\u00f0austan, e.t.v. \u00fevert \u00e1 vilja sinn. \u00dea\u00f0 er og ver\u00f0ur fl\u00e6kjuf\u00f3tur a\u00f0 b\u00faa til kosningakerfi \u00fear sem blanda\u00f0 er saman fylgi \u00far kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum vi\u00f0 landsfylgi. Til er st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg s\u00f6nnun \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 enginn a\u00f0fer\u00f0 er til \u00ed \u00feeim efnum sem er \u00ed senn gallalaus og einf\u00f6ld.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0 m\u00ednum mati er lei\u00f0in \u00fat \u00far \u00feessum \u00f3g\u00f6gnum einf\u00f6ld: H\u00fan er s\u00fa a\u00f0 sleppa kj\u00f6rd\u00e6munum, hafa alla \u00feingsmenn landskj\u00f6rna. Meginr\u00f6k m\u00edn eru einfaldlega \u00feau a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 erum ein sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed einu eylandi. Vi\u00f0 eigum og ver\u00f0um a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta hagsmuna okkar allra \u00ed j\u00f6fnum m\u00e6li. Ekki s\u00edst er \u00fea\u00f0 hlutverk \u00feingmanna. Hreppar\u00edgur og kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mapot hafa valdi\u00f0 okkur \u00f3m\u00e6ldum ska\u00f0a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2026 er \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3unina<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Landsbygg\u00f0amenn \u00f3ttast a\u00f0 me\u00f0 einu kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi, me\u00f0 meirihluta \u00edb\u00faa \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarsv\u00e6\u00f0inu, ver\u00f0i hlutur \u00feeirra fyrir bor\u00f0 borinn. \u00c9g er sannf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um a\u00f0 svo ver\u00f0ur ekki en vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri h\u00e6ttu m\u00e1 l\u00edka sj\u00e1 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti. Fyrirkomulag frambo\u00f0a m\u00e1 hafa \u00feannig a\u00f0 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur geti h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega til einstakra landshluta. \u00deetta gera Danir a\u00f0 nokkru leyti, svo og Hollendingar sem hafa sitt fj\u00f6lmenna en litla land eitt kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi. \u00cd reynd er \u00feetta fyrirkomulag l\u00edka \u00ed \u00de\u00fdskalandi \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fatf\u00e6rslan \u00fear s\u00e9 \u00f3\u00fearflega fl\u00f3kin. \u00c9g mun \u00fatlista \u00feessa hugsun s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r og \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00edkja samt\u00edmis a\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja og fj\u00f3r\u00f0a markmi\u00f0inu; hvernig pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r og n\u00e6rumhverfishugsun geta fari\u00f0 saman.<\/p>\n<p>Er ekki kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi \u00ed landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum skilningi fyrirb\u00e6ri fr\u00e1 fyrri \u00f6ldum og \u00e1 vart vi\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmum grei\u00f0ra samgangna og rafr\u00e6nna samskipta? \u00deeir sem \u00e9g samsama mig mest vi\u00f0 og vildi helst vera \u00ed \u201ekj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi\u201c me\u00f0, b\u00faa ekki endilega \u00ed n\u00e6sta landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega umhverfi m\u00ednu. Grannar m\u00ednir eru \u00f6llu frekar \u00ed m\u00ednu f\u00e9lagslega umhverfi jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 kunni a\u00f0 spanna allt landi\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Sumir segja eitt landskj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi n\u00fdst\u00e1rlegt og \u00f3t\u00edmab\u00e6rt fyrirkomulag. \u00dev\u00ed fer fjarri. \u00deegar \u00e1ri\u00f0 1927 var m\u00e1li\u00f0 reifa\u00f0 \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, etv. fyrr. \u00de\u00e1 hefur \u00fer\u00f3unin veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessa \u00e1tt allan l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmann. 1944 voru kj\u00f6rd\u00e6min 28 a\u00f0 t\u00f6lu og a\u00f0eins me\u00f0 1,5 \u00feings\u00e6ti a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali hvert. 1959 var \u00feeim f\u00e6kka\u00f0 \u00ed 8 og aftur \u00ed 6 um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldam\u00f3t. \u00dea\u00f0 sem meira er \u00fe\u00e1 hefur landi\u00f0 veri\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt eins og eitt kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi allt fr\u00e1 1987. \u00dev\u00ed er eins\u00fdnt hvert stefnt hefur.<\/p>\n<p>Sagt er a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingskosningin hafi afskrifa\u00f0 hugmyndina um landskj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi og pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r s\u00e9rstaklega. \u00deessu er jafnvel \u00f6fugt vari\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati. Um \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 lesa meira \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni <a href=\"..\/?p=715\">https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/?p=715<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0 lokum: \u00datf\u00e6rsla kosninga og kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskipunar er a\u00f0 nokkru leyti st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt og t\u00e6knilegt m\u00e1l, en m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki r\u00e1\u00f0ast af \u00feeim m\u00e6listikum einum. \u00dear er \u00ed fleiri horn a\u00f0 l\u00edta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[\u00deessi pistill birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum 25. mars 2011] \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ustu grein minni \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttat\u00edmanum f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00e9g si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 hafa jafnt atkv\u00e6\u00f0av\u00e6gi, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 b\u00fasetu, \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa til Al\u00feingis. \u00dev\u00ed markmi\u00f0i m\u00e1 n\u00e1 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu fyrirkomulagi kosninga og kj\u00f6rd\u00e6maskipunar. En um lei\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 fleiri [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[29,20],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eigin-vefsida","category-greinar","tag-frettatiminn","tag-kjordaemamalid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":884,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thorkellhelgason.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}